The
liver is one of the vital organs in the human body. This essentially
means that one cannot live without the liver. It serves many critical
functions in the body that include metabolism of drugs and toxins,
removing degradation products and synthesis of important proteins and
enzymes.
The blood enters the liver in two channels - the hepatic
artery and the portal vein. They bring nutrients and oxygen to liver
cells. These are also known as hepatocytes and bile ducts. Blood leaves
the liver via the hepatic veins and drains into the inferior vena cava
and immediately enters the heart. The liver is also responsible to make
bile which is a liquid that helps dissolve the fat. Each hepatocyte
creates bile and the bile ducts take it to the hepatic duct that
transports the bile to the intestine.
Who needs a liver transplant?
A
liver transplant is a process by which a failing liver is surgically
replaced with one that is normal and healthy. A liver transplant is the
only cure for a failing liver. Here are some of the conditions that may
require a liver transplant:
Acute liver failure
Acute
liver failure occurs when an originally healthy liver suffers a massive
injury. There are a number of other reasons that can lead to liver
inefficiency. Sometimes viral infections can also be a cause of liver
failures. The onset of skin yellowing is the first sign of liver
disease.
Signs and symptoms of decompensate liver disease
Gastrointestinal bleeding
As the liver becomes scarred, the resistance to portal blood flow increases and pressure builds up on the portal venous system.
Fluid retention
One
function of the liver is to synthesize many proteins of the proteins
that are circulating in the blood stream including albumin. Albumin and
other proteins in the blood retain fluid in the vascular space by
exerting pressure. The low levels of albumin forces the fluid out of the
blood stream. This fluid cannot be reabsorbed. This fluid accumulates
in the tissues of the body and the body cavities. The most common areas
where it accumulates are the abdominal area. The fluid can also
accumulate in the legs and the chest cavity. This fluid retention is
limited by dietary salt intake and medications. Intermittent drainage
through insertion of a needle into the abdominal or chest cavity is also
a possible treatment.
Encephalopathy
Failure
of liver to clear ammonia and other toxins from the blood allows these
type of toxins to accumulate. This results in cognitive dysfunction that
ranges from disturbed sleep and mild infusion of coma too.
Jaundice
It
is a known fact that one of the main functions of liver is to eliminate
the degradation products of haemoglobin. Bilirubin is one of the
products that is excreted by the lever. When the liver fails, this
bilirubin is not excreted from the body and the levels in the blood
stream increase. The blood and other tissues of the body appear yellow
in color.
People with any of these conditions must immediately be
treated for liver either by medication or by a transplant as suggested
by the doctor.
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