Different Processes of Water Treatment
We need clean, safe water in everyday living. It is very important for the community's well-being, hygiene and productivity.
The
process of treating water may slightly be different at various places,
depending on the technology of the plant that needs processing.
Nevertheless, the principles are basically the same. The following
section will give you a description of the different standard water
treatment processes.
Coagulation / Flocculation
During the
process of coagulation, liquid aluminum sulfate or alum and/or polymer
is mixed with raw or untreated water. The mixture causes the tiny dirt
particles in the water to stick to one another or coagulate. Then, these
dirt particles form groups that stick together and form flocs, larger
heavier particles that can be removed easily by filtration or settling.
Sedimentation
When
the particles of water and flocs go through the treatment process, they
flow into the sedimentation basins. Here the water runs slowly, letting
the heavy floc particles settle to the bottom. Floc that accumulates on
the bottom of the basin is known as sludge, which is channeled to
drying lagoons. Direct Filtration does not include the sedimentation
step, and filtration is the only process by which the floc is removed.
Filtration
Water
passes through a filter intended for removing particles in the water.
The filters comprise layers of gravel and sand and, at times, crushed
anthracite. Filtration gathers the suspended impurities in the water,
then further enhances the efficiency of disinfection. The filters are
cleaned on a regular basis thorough backwashing.
Disinfection
Before
water moves into the distribution system, it is disinfected to make
sure that disease-causing bacteria, parasites and viruses are destroyed.
Chlorine is applied because it a great disinfectant, and the remaining
concentrations can be maintained to protect from probable biological
contamination in the distribution of water.
Sludge Drying
Solids collected then settled outside the water via filtration and sedimentation are piped to drying lagoons.
Fluoridation
This
is the treatment of community water aimed at adjusting free fluoride
ion concentration to the optimum level enough to minimize dental caries.
It is a requirement for Hunter Water to fluoridate water in compliance
with the NSW Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies Act 1957.
pH Correction
Lime
is mixed with filtered water in order to adjust the pH level and
stabilize the naturally soft water so that corrosion in the distribution
system plus the customers' plumbing will be reduced.
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