With
travel season coming up it is good to remember that with travel,
planning is everything. The proactive travel plan can ease frustrations
and minimize stress, both of which are at odds with the well-being
lifestyle. Whether you are jetting off for rest and relaxation or the
next client meeting, you will want to be at your best, so that you can
get full benefits from the experience.
Once you know you are going
to fly somewhere, think about the trip from the time you leave your
home. You will want to plan to leave in ample time to navigate any
unexpected road blocks beyond your control. You will feel much better
sitting at the departure gate watching people than having people
watching you arrive at the gate in a panic because you were short on
time. Although there are a number of obstacles that can create havoc
with the best laid plans, here are some tips that can help aid in your
enjoyment of a drama-free flight.
1. Adhere to the recommended arrival timeline that the airline encourages.
2.
Wear loose comfortable clothing and shoes. If you are using an employee
benefit pass, check with the employee to make sure your clothing
choices are on point with employee travel dress codes.
3.
Check-out the travel guidelines from the Transportation Safety Agency
(TSA). Though the guidelines may change due to threat levels, generally
speaking any liquids, lotions or other toiletries in sizes larger than
3-ounces should be packed in checked bags.
4. If you use knives,
sharp objects or firearms in your work, make sure you check that you've
removed them from your carry-on bags. These items should be in checked
bags or left at home.
5. As you prepare to go through the security checkpoint, stop, look and listen.
Stop to make sure your boarding pass and identification are in order to hand to the screener.
Look around to make sure you are in the correct line and that you are aware of your surroundings.
Listen for any announcements or last minute instructions from the security screeners.
6.
Stay hydrated. Try to drink about 8-ounces of water every few hours.
Freeze a plastic bottle of water solid before your flight and drink any
water that has melted before you go through the security checkpoint. If
the water is frozen, you most likely will be able to take it through to
the secure side of the airport. You can easily add water if there is
space in the bottle from a water fountain.
7. Pack two to three pocket-size bottles of hand sanitizer to aid in keeping your hands germ-free.
8.
Skip the caffeinated beverages, alcohol, salty snacks and high sugar
foods-they will work against your ability to stay hydrated.
9.
During the flight, try to contract the muscles in your calves, lift your
feet off the floor and rotate your ankles to keep the blood flowing. If
you can, a stroll down the aisle is a good idea too. Get your body
moving as much as you can, to avoid deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or blood
clots developing during the flight.
10. And last but not least,
smile. I won't fall back on that cliché about smiling, but do know that
smiling relieves stress, generates "feel-good" emotions and smiles are
contagious!
Take Away: Planning is
everything and pre-planning before starting your travel will reward you
with an enjoyable trip and an overall feeling of well-being.
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Monday, January 8, 2018
3 Types of Hearing Loss: What You Need To Know
If you
are experiencing a difficulty in hearing, it is always a good decision
to look for a reliable audiologist and seek for the proper evaluation of
your condition. There are three different types of hearing loss and
each of them requires an appropriate assessment to provide suitable
recommendations to correct these hearing concerns.
Here are the three types of hearing loss with the corresponding causes and treatments:
Conductive Hearing Loss
Definition: This type is a condition that obstructs the passing of sound coming from outer ear going to the middle ear and passing through inner ear. With this, you may need more energy or loudness to hear a sound more clearly.
Causes: Common causes of are ear infection, allergies, abnormal bone growth in your middle ear, a punctured eardrum, excessive earwax, or a fluid build up from colds.
Treatments: Traditional and modern hearing aids are effective devices to use to correct it. Available hearing technologies can also be used to treat this type. These treatments are middle ear implants, bone anchored hearing devices, and bone conduction hearing aids.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Definition: Sensorineural is the most typical type. It involves an inner ear problem or the auditory nerve. When you have sensorineural hearing loss, it is difficult for you to transfer nerve signals to your brain, making it hard to recognise the clarity and volume of sounds.
Causes: You can have it from birth or from exposure to intense and deafening noise. Other causes can be traumatic injuries, a side effect from medicines, ear infections, deterioration due to ageing, and etc.
Treatments: There is no complete method that can repair the damaged auditory nerve. Even medical or surgical treatment can't fix the impaired tiny hair-like cells in your inner ear. Treatments such as aids or cochlear implants can help aid this problem. The solution will depend on the assessment of the severity of the hearing loss.
Mixed Hearing Loss
Definition: From the name itself, it is a combination of the conductive and sensorineural. In this type, you may be suffering from ear damage in the outer/middle/inner ear or auditory nerve. When you are experiencing factors that contributed to these two types of disorders, then you might have the mixed hearing loss and it is advised to immediately seek help from audiologists.
Causes: An ear trauma, active ear infection, and all the causes of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss can contribute to this hearing issue.
Treatments: Suitable treatment depends on what components are more prominent, is it conductive or sensorineural. If it is more of the conductive factors, medical and surgical procedures are suitable options. If the loss is more on the sensorineural components, hearing aid and implantable hearing devices are the effective solutions.
Knowing these types of hearing loss, the causes and treatments will help you recognise if have a problem. But, even if you don't experience any of these difficulties, it is still advisable to schedule a check-up. There is nothing wrong to monitor your overall health and that includes the hearing test.
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Here are the three types of hearing loss with the corresponding causes and treatments:
Conductive Hearing Loss
Definition: This type is a condition that obstructs the passing of sound coming from outer ear going to the middle ear and passing through inner ear. With this, you may need more energy or loudness to hear a sound more clearly.
Causes: Common causes of are ear infection, allergies, abnormal bone growth in your middle ear, a punctured eardrum, excessive earwax, or a fluid build up from colds.
Treatments: Traditional and modern hearing aids are effective devices to use to correct it. Available hearing technologies can also be used to treat this type. These treatments are middle ear implants, bone anchored hearing devices, and bone conduction hearing aids.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Definition: Sensorineural is the most typical type. It involves an inner ear problem or the auditory nerve. When you have sensorineural hearing loss, it is difficult for you to transfer nerve signals to your brain, making it hard to recognise the clarity and volume of sounds.
Causes: You can have it from birth or from exposure to intense and deafening noise. Other causes can be traumatic injuries, a side effect from medicines, ear infections, deterioration due to ageing, and etc.
Treatments: There is no complete method that can repair the damaged auditory nerve. Even medical or surgical treatment can't fix the impaired tiny hair-like cells in your inner ear. Treatments such as aids or cochlear implants can help aid this problem. The solution will depend on the assessment of the severity of the hearing loss.
Mixed Hearing Loss
Definition: From the name itself, it is a combination of the conductive and sensorineural. In this type, you may be suffering from ear damage in the outer/middle/inner ear or auditory nerve. When you are experiencing factors that contributed to these two types of disorders, then you might have the mixed hearing loss and it is advised to immediately seek help from audiologists.
Causes: An ear trauma, active ear infection, and all the causes of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss can contribute to this hearing issue.
Treatments: Suitable treatment depends on what components are more prominent, is it conductive or sensorineural. If it is more of the conductive factors, medical and surgical procedures are suitable options. If the loss is more on the sensorineural components, hearing aid and implantable hearing devices are the effective solutions.
Knowing these types of hearing loss, the causes and treatments will help you recognise if have a problem. But, even if you don't experience any of these difficulties, it is still advisable to schedule a check-up. There is nothing wrong to monitor your overall health and that includes the hearing test.
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Everything You Need To Know About MRI Services and Radio Imaging Services
MRI
services make use of powerful magnetic field and make use of computer
software to create an image of organs and soft tissues.
Types of MRI-
There are various types of MRI being performed these days which includes-
Breast MRI-
These make use of magnetic field and radio frequency for assessing breast. These are used to detection of breast cancer or any other minor changes in breast.
Brain MRI-
This is most widely used presently to search for any brain tumors or any other brain deformity.
These are non invasive test to detect and evaluate certain diseases.
How to prepare for a MRI procedure?
-Ask the patient to wear a gown.
-Please check if he/she is claustrophobic. If he/she is claustrophobic then one has to opt for other ways.
-During the procedure doctor should be prepared with all the basic emergencies equipments which include airway, CPR and heart rate monitoring.
Sometimes along with MRI a dye is injected into blood stream that will provide contrast MRI so that different organs are imparted different colour. Mostly the contrast material used is gadolinium. But prior to injection a doctor should check for hypersensitivity reaction. And in fact a proper disease history should be taken before injecting the dye to rule out any kidney disease if present. If kidney disease present then doctor should use another dye as this dye is excreted via urine.
-The dye is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy.
-Jewellery or other accessories should be removed prior to the process as it may interfere with magnetic field.
Generally MRI is safe in case of metallic implants except for few cases like cochlear implant, cardiac pacemakers and springs placed inside blood vessels. Thus a proper history is necessary before performing MRI.
A person who is more anxious should be injected anaesthetic medication or ant anxiety drugs like diazepam for procedure to take place properly.
The disadvantage of the process is that it is really expensive and everyone can't afford it.
Person having breathing disorders may face difficulty under this cylindrical closed chamber thus all symptomatic treatment should be kept ready beforehand.
Radio imaging services-
Radiology is the branch which deals with x-rays and other body imaging. These make use of x-rays which penetrate the soft tissue with ease and thus impart black colour to them. While bones do not allow penetration of these rays thus they remain while in color in x- rays.
These include various procedures-
-Abdominal ultrasound scan test-
It checks various conditions or assess various diseases like aortic aneurysm as well as kidney, liver, gallbladder and pancreas diseases.
-Barium enema-
This is generally used for detecting colon diseases. An enema is injected in the rectum and since this enema contains barium it imparts a colour to the colon which can be accessed through radio imaging.
-Bone density test are also performed just to check the stage of osteoporosis. This is usually done after menopause.
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Types of MRI-
There are various types of MRI being performed these days which includes-
Breast MRI-
These make use of magnetic field and radio frequency for assessing breast. These are used to detection of breast cancer or any other minor changes in breast.
Brain MRI-
This is most widely used presently to search for any brain tumors or any other brain deformity.
These are non invasive test to detect and evaluate certain diseases.
How to prepare for a MRI procedure?
-Ask the patient to wear a gown.
-Please check if he/she is claustrophobic. If he/she is claustrophobic then one has to opt for other ways.
-During the procedure doctor should be prepared with all the basic emergencies equipments which include airway, CPR and heart rate monitoring.
Sometimes along with MRI a dye is injected into blood stream that will provide contrast MRI so that different organs are imparted different colour. Mostly the contrast material used is gadolinium. But prior to injection a doctor should check for hypersensitivity reaction. And in fact a proper disease history should be taken before injecting the dye to rule out any kidney disease if present. If kidney disease present then doctor should use another dye as this dye is excreted via urine.
-The dye is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy.
-Jewellery or other accessories should be removed prior to the process as it may interfere with magnetic field.
Generally MRI is safe in case of metallic implants except for few cases like cochlear implant, cardiac pacemakers and springs placed inside blood vessels. Thus a proper history is necessary before performing MRI.
A person who is more anxious should be injected anaesthetic medication or ant anxiety drugs like diazepam for procedure to take place properly.
The disadvantage of the process is that it is really expensive and everyone can't afford it.
Person having breathing disorders may face difficulty under this cylindrical closed chamber thus all symptomatic treatment should be kept ready beforehand.
Radio imaging services-
Radiology is the branch which deals with x-rays and other body imaging. These make use of x-rays which penetrate the soft tissue with ease and thus impart black colour to them. While bones do not allow penetration of these rays thus they remain while in color in x- rays.
These include various procedures-
-Abdominal ultrasound scan test-
It checks various conditions or assess various diseases like aortic aneurysm as well as kidney, liver, gallbladder and pancreas diseases.
-Barium enema-
This is generally used for detecting colon diseases. An enema is injected in the rectum and since this enema contains barium it imparts a colour to the colon which can be accessed through radio imaging.
-Bone density test are also performed just to check the stage of osteoporosis. This is usually done after menopause.
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Translating Great Stem Cell Ideas Into Effective Therapies
CIRM's
Governing Board recently approved $15 million for four projects in
translational awards program, which promises to offer support to invent
novel stem cells transplants that can be applied to patients during
clinical trials. Wondering what "translational" might mean in studies,
involving stem cells? "Translational" implies to researches that take
the basic results of a clinical study and then advance them in a way
that they become ready to be tested in patients in various clinical
trials.
The fund for translating stem cell studies into effective therapies is divided into four researches. They are:
· Alzheimer's disease
· Sickle cell anemia
· Cartilage damage
· Osteonecrosis
Treating Alzheimer's disease: Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco received $5.9 million from the fund to find out a way to treat Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease has no long-term treatment or no known cure and it affects five million Americans.
In the process, the researchers are looking at generating brain cells by applying pluripotent stem cells in an induced form. Pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs are the adult cells that can be reprogrammed to give them the ability to modify into any other cell type.
Treating patients with sickle cell anemia: The second project involves patients suffering from sickle cell anemia. A fund of $4.5 million is approved to the researchers at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) for the trial.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder. It involves severe pain and can even lead to organ damage and stroke. The disease has affected over 100,000 people in the US. Currently, the most effective and long-term treatment for this disease involves bone marrow transplant. However, the procedure requires a suitably matched donor, which may take months. Even though a donor is found, the surgery may still leave a life risk.
Researchers found out that the patient's own blood stem cells can eliminate the complications and at the same time address the condition. To implement the technique, a new gene-editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9 is used by the CHORI team. This technique helps to develop a way to edit the defective gene causing sickle cell and transform it into a healthy blood supply for the affected people.
Treating medically untreated cartilage damage: The third portion of the fund went to the University of Southern California (USC). The researchers of USC have been granted with $2.5 million, so that they can develop a full-proof technique to treat cartilage damage with stem cell transplant.
Cartilage damage might not be life-threatening, but it affects the lifestyle of millions of people to a great extent. And if remain untreated for a long time, it might result in severe conditions such as chronic pain, degeneration of joints and even arthritis.
Treating Osteonecrosis: The fourth part of the fund, $2.09 million, went to Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics for a project, involving osteonecrosis. Regenerative Therapeutics researchers hope to discover a solution to the painful disease, which is caused due to inadequate blood flow to the bones. And as the result, the bones begin to rot and then die.
We hope that translational awards programs with stem cell ideas result into effective therapies. Stay tuned for more updates!
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The fund for translating stem cell studies into effective therapies is divided into four researches. They are:
· Alzheimer's disease
· Sickle cell anemia
· Cartilage damage
· Osteonecrosis
Treating Alzheimer's disease: Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco received $5.9 million from the fund to find out a way to treat Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease has no long-term treatment or no known cure and it affects five million Americans.
In the process, the researchers are looking at generating brain cells by applying pluripotent stem cells in an induced form. Pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs are the adult cells that can be reprogrammed to give them the ability to modify into any other cell type.
Treating patients with sickle cell anemia: The second project involves patients suffering from sickle cell anemia. A fund of $4.5 million is approved to the researchers at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) for the trial.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder. It involves severe pain and can even lead to organ damage and stroke. The disease has affected over 100,000 people in the US. Currently, the most effective and long-term treatment for this disease involves bone marrow transplant. However, the procedure requires a suitably matched donor, which may take months. Even though a donor is found, the surgery may still leave a life risk.
Researchers found out that the patient's own blood stem cells can eliminate the complications and at the same time address the condition. To implement the technique, a new gene-editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9 is used by the CHORI team. This technique helps to develop a way to edit the defective gene causing sickle cell and transform it into a healthy blood supply for the affected people.
Treating medically untreated cartilage damage: The third portion of the fund went to the University of Southern California (USC). The researchers of USC have been granted with $2.5 million, so that they can develop a full-proof technique to treat cartilage damage with stem cell transplant.
Cartilage damage might not be life-threatening, but it affects the lifestyle of millions of people to a great extent. And if remain untreated for a long time, it might result in severe conditions such as chronic pain, degeneration of joints and even arthritis.
Treating Osteonecrosis: The fourth part of the fund, $2.09 million, went to Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics for a project, involving osteonecrosis. Regenerative Therapeutics researchers hope to discover a solution to the painful disease, which is caused due to inadequate blood flow to the bones. And as the result, the bones begin to rot and then die.
We hope that translational awards programs with stem cell ideas result into effective therapies. Stay tuned for more updates!
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Fetal Cells, Like Cord Blood and Cord Tissue Stem Cells, Wield Influence Long After a Baby Is Born
More
and more parents are now considering cord blood banking for the simple
reason that it has the potential to treat many diseases and conditions
even after decades of birth. And not only the child, one cord blood unit
can secure entire family's future and how! We all know that the
umbilical cord ties a mother with her child during birth. However, new
studies and researches have shown that fetal cells travel through
placenta and often rest in various body parts of the mother.
Arizona State University's Department of Psychology researcher, Amy Boddy said, "Fetal cells can act as stem cells and develop into epithelial cells, specialized heart cells, liver cells and so forth... they are very dynamic and play a huge role in the maternal body."
The presence of the cells of the fetus in mother's tissue is known as fetal microchimerism. Microchimerism, the phrase originated from the Greek mythological term, chimeras that mean creatures created from various parts of different animals. So as the original phrase suggests, microchimerism means the process in which women get cells from different contributors, such as their parents, siblings and children. These cells have the potential to benefit the health of the mother or undermine her condition after years of birth.
Fetal cells that a mother acquires during birth can remain in the maternal tissue after decades of birth. Sometimes, these cells benefit the mother by protecting her from diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. However, in some cases, it's also seen that these cells cause harmful effects in the mother. But no matter what the effects are, it's clear that these cells have a long-lasting impact on women.
It's worth a mention that fetal cells play an important role in a specific organ, female breasts. Apart from the fact that fetal cells actively participate in lactation after birth, it's also seen that poor lactation might be a result of lower count of the these cells in breasts. In case of breast cancer as well, studies suggest that fetal cells largely influence the condition. It's seen that the women with breast cancer carry fewer cells in their breast tissue. However, there are some researches as well that would suggest that these cells might increase the chance of breast cancer immediately after pregnancy.
Apart from that, fetal cells have a wide impact on the emotional and physical state of a mother. It may range from depression to morning sickness. This is the reason that these fetal cells could be used in therapies in the future to address issues like poor lactation, wounds, tumor and various psychological disorders during pregnancy in women. Athena Aktipis, a fellow ASU researcher said, "If future research bears out the predictions of this framework, it could transform the way we approach, treat and prevent a variety of diseases that affect women, especially new mothers."
Stem cells that have the ability to cure many diseases can regenerate new cells. Fetal cells, like stem cells, have the potential to protect maternal tissues from many diseases and conditions. Both of them leave a long-lasting impact after a baby is born. No wonder, more and more researches are now focusing on fetal cells.
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Arizona State University's Department of Psychology researcher, Amy Boddy said, "Fetal cells can act as stem cells and develop into epithelial cells, specialized heart cells, liver cells and so forth... they are very dynamic and play a huge role in the maternal body."
The presence of the cells of the fetus in mother's tissue is known as fetal microchimerism. Microchimerism, the phrase originated from the Greek mythological term, chimeras that mean creatures created from various parts of different animals. So as the original phrase suggests, microchimerism means the process in which women get cells from different contributors, such as their parents, siblings and children. These cells have the potential to benefit the health of the mother or undermine her condition after years of birth.
Fetal cells that a mother acquires during birth can remain in the maternal tissue after decades of birth. Sometimes, these cells benefit the mother by protecting her from diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. However, in some cases, it's also seen that these cells cause harmful effects in the mother. But no matter what the effects are, it's clear that these cells have a long-lasting impact on women.
It's worth a mention that fetal cells play an important role in a specific organ, female breasts. Apart from the fact that fetal cells actively participate in lactation after birth, it's also seen that poor lactation might be a result of lower count of the these cells in breasts. In case of breast cancer as well, studies suggest that fetal cells largely influence the condition. It's seen that the women with breast cancer carry fewer cells in their breast tissue. However, there are some researches as well that would suggest that these cells might increase the chance of breast cancer immediately after pregnancy.
Apart from that, fetal cells have a wide impact on the emotional and physical state of a mother. It may range from depression to morning sickness. This is the reason that these fetal cells could be used in therapies in the future to address issues like poor lactation, wounds, tumor and various psychological disorders during pregnancy in women. Athena Aktipis, a fellow ASU researcher said, "If future research bears out the predictions of this framework, it could transform the way we approach, treat and prevent a variety of diseases that affect women, especially new mothers."
Stem cells that have the ability to cure many diseases can regenerate new cells. Fetal cells, like stem cells, have the potential to protect maternal tissues from many diseases and conditions. Both of them leave a long-lasting impact after a baby is born. No wonder, more and more researches are now focusing on fetal cells.
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An Understanding of Hiatal Hernia
The
term "Hernia" draws origin from the Greek latin word which means "tear"
or "rupture". Anatomically it refers to any abnormal protrusion of the
abdominal contents.
A "Hiatal Hernia" therefore refers to the abnormal protrusion of the Gastrointestinal Tract through the opening (hiatus) within the diaphragm.
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding hiatal hernias, and paraesophageal hiatal hernias.
Sliding hiatal hernias form when the stomach and the adjoining oesophagus slide up into the chest cavity through the diaphragm. It is more common.
Paraoesophgeal hernias are less common and it occurs when a portion of the stomach squeezes past the diaphragm and is lodged and strangulated in place beside the oesophagus. Such hernias can be asymptomatic but dangerous because the portion of stomach that is strangulated above the diaphragm will have a compromised blood supply.
In most cases, hiatal hernias are asymptomatic but sometimes patients might experience heartburn or reflux. While the two conditions appear to be linked, they do not independently cause the development of the other.
In some cases of heartburn, patients might experience chest pain instead and this can be confused with chest pain caused by cardiac issues.
Causes
Often, the cause remains unknown. However, any condition predisposing to an increased pressure within the abdomen such as pregnancy, obesity, coughing or straining during bowel movements, and/or congenital situations such as a larger hiatal opening will predispose a person to developing one.
Population at risk for developing Hiatal Hernias
There's a predisposition for women, overweight individuals, and patients above fifty years of age to develop this condition.
Diagnosis
A hiatal hernia can be diagnosed with a specialized X-ray called a barium swallow that allows a doctor to see the esophagus or with endoscopy. The procedure involves the patient swallowing a radio-opaque liquid and having X-Rays of the chest and abdomen taken while in the erect posture. The radio-opaque liquid will outline the stomach lining and oesophagus, thereby demonstrating the presence/absence of the condition.
Treatment
If asymptomatic, no treatments are necessary. However, should the stomach become strangulated and there is a risk of vascular compromise to the stomach, surgery is usually needed to rectify the problem.
Other associated symptoms such as reflux disease, heartburn and chest discomfort should be treated accordingly.
When is Hiatal Hernia surgery necessary?
Surgery is indicated when the hernia becomes strangulated and the blood supply becomes compromised.
Surgical intervention for hiatal hernias is often performed laparoscopically (ie keyhole surgery) and is a day procedure. A camera and surgical tools are inserted via keyhole incisions into the abdomen and the surgeon will manipulate the surgical tools to reduce the hernia and possibly tighten the diaphragmatic hiatus. The procedure is usually done as a day procedure, involves smaller incisions, and has less pain and scarring compared to open surgery.
Most patients will be able to ambulate and walk around the next day. There are no dietary restrictions post surgery and patients resume regular activities after a week or so. Complete recovery will take up to a month and the patient should avoid hard labour and heavy lifting.
When Should I Call the Doctor About a Hiatal Hernia?
Speak with your doctor if you are symptomatic. It is difficult to diagnose and symptoms include chest pain, recurrent nausea and vomiting, poor bowel movements and non-specific symptoms like a funny sensation in the middle of the chest.
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A "Hiatal Hernia" therefore refers to the abnormal protrusion of the Gastrointestinal Tract through the opening (hiatus) within the diaphragm.
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding hiatal hernias, and paraesophageal hiatal hernias.
Sliding hiatal hernias form when the stomach and the adjoining oesophagus slide up into the chest cavity through the diaphragm. It is more common.
Paraoesophgeal hernias are less common and it occurs when a portion of the stomach squeezes past the diaphragm and is lodged and strangulated in place beside the oesophagus. Such hernias can be asymptomatic but dangerous because the portion of stomach that is strangulated above the diaphragm will have a compromised blood supply.
In most cases, hiatal hernias are asymptomatic but sometimes patients might experience heartburn or reflux. While the two conditions appear to be linked, they do not independently cause the development of the other.
In some cases of heartburn, patients might experience chest pain instead and this can be confused with chest pain caused by cardiac issues.
Causes
Often, the cause remains unknown. However, any condition predisposing to an increased pressure within the abdomen such as pregnancy, obesity, coughing or straining during bowel movements, and/or congenital situations such as a larger hiatal opening will predispose a person to developing one.
Population at risk for developing Hiatal Hernias
There's a predisposition for women, overweight individuals, and patients above fifty years of age to develop this condition.
Diagnosis
A hiatal hernia can be diagnosed with a specialized X-ray called a barium swallow that allows a doctor to see the esophagus or with endoscopy. The procedure involves the patient swallowing a radio-opaque liquid and having X-Rays of the chest and abdomen taken while in the erect posture. The radio-opaque liquid will outline the stomach lining and oesophagus, thereby demonstrating the presence/absence of the condition.
Treatment
If asymptomatic, no treatments are necessary. However, should the stomach become strangulated and there is a risk of vascular compromise to the stomach, surgery is usually needed to rectify the problem.
Other associated symptoms such as reflux disease, heartburn and chest discomfort should be treated accordingly.
When is Hiatal Hernia surgery necessary?
Surgery is indicated when the hernia becomes strangulated and the blood supply becomes compromised.
Surgical intervention for hiatal hernias is often performed laparoscopically (ie keyhole surgery) and is a day procedure. A camera and surgical tools are inserted via keyhole incisions into the abdomen and the surgeon will manipulate the surgical tools to reduce the hernia and possibly tighten the diaphragmatic hiatus. The procedure is usually done as a day procedure, involves smaller incisions, and has less pain and scarring compared to open surgery.
Most patients will be able to ambulate and walk around the next day. There are no dietary restrictions post surgery and patients resume regular activities after a week or so. Complete recovery will take up to a month and the patient should avoid hard labour and heavy lifting.
When Should I Call the Doctor About a Hiatal Hernia?
Speak with your doctor if you are symptomatic. It is difficult to diagnose and symptoms include chest pain, recurrent nausea and vomiting, poor bowel movements and non-specific symptoms like a funny sensation in the middle of the chest.
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Medical Technologies - Are They a Good Idea?
It is
2017 so I guess we shouldn't be surprised with all the advancements that
are being made. Every time we think we are learning one piece of
technology the newest model shows up.
In terms of medical professionals this is no different, we also have to get used to new technologies and advancements being made all the time. These technologies are put into place with the idea that they are making the lives of medical professionals easier.
Some of these technologies are proven as beneficial to medical professionals and their patients. While other technologies are questionable to whether they are beneficial or not. I am going to discuss three of these technologies and give my opinions on them.
The question I ask here is do they really make the lives of medical professionals easier or are medical professionals spending more time learning how to use these technologies than on patient care?
The first medical technology is Electronic Health Records, also known as EHR. This system allows all patient information to be added into a database and be reviewed by medical professionals. The information that is added into this system includes:
Basic patient information
Past medical history
Patient medications
Lab and x-ray information and results
Notes on patient visit
Patient diagnoses
Vital signs
Benefits of this system include:
Cutting back on paper since all patient information is entered on this database instead of being hand written.
Allows patients to review their records online through the patient portal.
Allows medical professionals to coordinate care by sending patient information to each other.
Saves space that is required to store paper medical records and allows this space to be used in better ways.
Allows 24 hour 7 days a week access.
It saves time and money.
Some cons of this system include:
Not all patients are tech savvy and won't benefit from this system.
Like with all online systems EHR systems are at risk in regards to cyber hackers and malicious hackers. This means extra diligence is necessary to prevent patient information from being accessed by unauthorized users.
If the system is not updated regularly it can cause issues with the use of the system.
If the internet goes out in a facility than this system is useless.
In my personal opinion I feel this technology is beneficial to medical professionals, as well as patients. It allows patients to be involved in their care by having access to their information instead of feeling they are in the dark and not know what's going on with their care.
This system also has many advantages for medical professionals. One big one is they have more time to communicate with their patients instead of having to spend a lot of time reviewing and charting patient care. I also feel it prevents clutter that may that happens with paper records and reducing the mistakes or errors of medical professionals.
The second medical technology is Infusion Pumps. Infusion pumps are used to deliver fluids, nutrients, and medications to patients. This device helps deliver controlled amounts of fluids to the patient's body.
Some of specific uses for an infusion pump include delivery of:
IV fluids if a patient is dehydrated.
Chemotherapy drugs.
Insulin or other hormones.
Antibiotics.
Pain relievers.
Some specific benefits to these pumps include:
The can be set so the patient only gets the amount of fluid, medication, or nutrition need.
They are easy to use.
They provide wireless drug library and pump data.
Some cons to these pumps include:
There are insufficient updates and upgrades.
Weight based dose checking only allows maximum weight to be entered.
I feel that these infusion pumps are good for patients. On the other hand I feel there needs to be some improvements made to these pumps to reduce error and to offer more update and upgrades.
The third medical technology is the Unique Device Identification Tracker, which is also known as the UDI. This technology is an implant and implantable device tracking software designed for use in an operating room. This device is Internet based and is used to manage and track of all implants.
Some specific implants that this device tracks includes:
Tissue
Orthopedic
Cardiovascular
Any other type of implant
Some specific benefits of this device include:
It allows hospital system integration, which improves workflow.
Provides expiration date alerts, which improves patient safety and reduces waste.
Provides supplier regulatory status, which allows you to view AATB, FDA, and state licenses.
Provides barcode scanning and labels to save time finding what you're looking for and eliminates error prone data entry.
Provides notifications on recalls.
Some cons of this device include:
If a professional scans the wrong item it can lead to major issues.
If the facility using this system does not offer proper training on this device it can lead to major issues or misuse of this device.
I feel this technology is very useful to medical professionals and their patients. It allows for the medical professional to focus more time on patient care and less time on paperwork.
Which makes patients feel they are a priority and that their medical teams truly cares. This device also improves safety for patients since it helps make sure any implants being used meet all requirements for safe implantation.
So my overall analysis on medical technologies is they are a good idea. They are beneficial to medical professionals, as well as their patients as long as they are used properly. I feel these medical technologies do help improve patient care and help make the job of the medical professional easier.
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In terms of medical professionals this is no different, we also have to get used to new technologies and advancements being made all the time. These technologies are put into place with the idea that they are making the lives of medical professionals easier.
Some of these technologies are proven as beneficial to medical professionals and their patients. While other technologies are questionable to whether they are beneficial or not. I am going to discuss three of these technologies and give my opinions on them.
The question I ask here is do they really make the lives of medical professionals easier or are medical professionals spending more time learning how to use these technologies than on patient care?
The first medical technology is Electronic Health Records, also known as EHR. This system allows all patient information to be added into a database and be reviewed by medical professionals. The information that is added into this system includes:
Basic patient information
Past medical history
Patient medications
Lab and x-ray information and results
Notes on patient visit
Patient diagnoses
Vital signs
Benefits of this system include:
Cutting back on paper since all patient information is entered on this database instead of being hand written.
Allows patients to review their records online through the patient portal.
Allows medical professionals to coordinate care by sending patient information to each other.
Saves space that is required to store paper medical records and allows this space to be used in better ways.
Allows 24 hour 7 days a week access.
It saves time and money.
Some cons of this system include:
Not all patients are tech savvy and won't benefit from this system.
Like with all online systems EHR systems are at risk in regards to cyber hackers and malicious hackers. This means extra diligence is necessary to prevent patient information from being accessed by unauthorized users.
If the system is not updated regularly it can cause issues with the use of the system.
If the internet goes out in a facility than this system is useless.
In my personal opinion I feel this technology is beneficial to medical professionals, as well as patients. It allows patients to be involved in their care by having access to their information instead of feeling they are in the dark and not know what's going on with their care.
This system also has many advantages for medical professionals. One big one is they have more time to communicate with their patients instead of having to spend a lot of time reviewing and charting patient care. I also feel it prevents clutter that may that happens with paper records and reducing the mistakes or errors of medical professionals.
The second medical technology is Infusion Pumps. Infusion pumps are used to deliver fluids, nutrients, and medications to patients. This device helps deliver controlled amounts of fluids to the patient's body.
Some of specific uses for an infusion pump include delivery of:
IV fluids if a patient is dehydrated.
Chemotherapy drugs.
Insulin or other hormones.
Antibiotics.
Pain relievers.
Some specific benefits to these pumps include:
The can be set so the patient only gets the amount of fluid, medication, or nutrition need.
They are easy to use.
They provide wireless drug library and pump data.
Some cons to these pumps include:
There are insufficient updates and upgrades.
Weight based dose checking only allows maximum weight to be entered.
I feel that these infusion pumps are good for patients. On the other hand I feel there needs to be some improvements made to these pumps to reduce error and to offer more update and upgrades.
The third medical technology is the Unique Device Identification Tracker, which is also known as the UDI. This technology is an implant and implantable device tracking software designed for use in an operating room. This device is Internet based and is used to manage and track of all implants.
Some specific implants that this device tracks includes:
Tissue
Orthopedic
Cardiovascular
Any other type of implant
Some specific benefits of this device include:
It allows hospital system integration, which improves workflow.
Provides expiration date alerts, which improves patient safety and reduces waste.
Provides supplier regulatory status, which allows you to view AATB, FDA, and state licenses.
Provides barcode scanning and labels to save time finding what you're looking for and eliminates error prone data entry.
Provides notifications on recalls.
Some cons of this device include:
If a professional scans the wrong item it can lead to major issues.
If the facility using this system does not offer proper training on this device it can lead to major issues or misuse of this device.
I feel this technology is very useful to medical professionals and their patients. It allows for the medical professional to focus more time on patient care and less time on paperwork.
Which makes patients feel they are a priority and that their medical teams truly cares. This device also improves safety for patients since it helps make sure any implants being used meet all requirements for safe implantation.
So my overall analysis on medical technologies is they are a good idea. They are beneficial to medical professionals, as well as their patients as long as they are used properly. I feel these medical technologies do help improve patient care and help make the job of the medical professional easier.
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