The practice of physical exercises has been growing strongly in the last
decade, parallel to this practice is the growth of supplement
consumption, supplement by definition is a substance to meet some
possible nutritional deficiency, and can be marketed also for ergogenic
purposes both for aesthetic improvement or Yield.
In Brazil the
best-selling supplements are those based on protein, especially whey
protein, whey proteins, also called whey protein have a globular
structure containing some disulfide bridges. They have high biological
value, high content of essential amino acids and branched chain, high
calcium content and bioactive peptides. Its effects result in an
increase in plasma insulin concentration favoring the uptake of amino
acids into the muscle cell.
Whey protein intake is positive at
some points, such as those reported in studies such as Frid et al.
(2005), which show that consumption of whey protein for a mean of 12
weeks reduced plasma levels of postprandial triglycerides in the group
Takasaki et al. (2004), in mice, showed that whey protein
supplementation caused a reduction in serum glucose levels in the
animals.
The biggest problems with the consumption of
supplements are when the consumer does not have full information about
the product he or she is buying, which consumption is not usually
encouraged by nutritionists but by: coaches, friends or media.
The media have a strong influence on people, encouraging them or making
them believe that there is a need for daily use of supplements to
achieve their goals. As an example of this it can be mentioned that in
2001 the food supplement industry invested globally $ 46 billion in
advertising as a means of persuading potential consumers to purchase
their products, which consumption is often unnecessary if there is a
balanced diet and follow-up of a nutritionist. According to Hernandez
and Nahas (2009), the additional consumption of protein supplements
above the daily needs of an athlete, which can be contemplated by a
healthy diet, does not determine additional muscle mass gain or
performance increase.
Other problems found in protein-based
supplements are the non-delivery of the protein content reported on the
label, replacement of whey protein by cheaper proteins and variation of
protein and carbohydrate amounts when dealing with different brands.
The present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the chemical
composition of carbohydrates and proteins in 35 samples purchased in the
retail trade of the city of Recife, evaluating the adequacy of the
composition of these nutrients in relation to the label and the current
legislation.
This is a cross-sectional and analytical study
carried out during the months of November 2017 until October 2018, in
which the labels of protein supplements of whey protein concentrate sold
in the city of Recife - PE were selected. most sold, taking into
account information passed by store owners.
The establishments
were chosen randomly, in different districts of the city. Before the
beginning of the study, the consent of the managers of the
establishments was requested in order to initiate the evaluation of the
labels of the products of interest of the study sold there.
It
was observed that the marks were repeated among the stores observed.
Thus, data from the labels of 35 brands of different protein supplements
were collected.
In this study, 35 labels of whey protein
concentrate protein supplements were evaluated, including 21 national
brands and 14 imported brands.
As far as labeling is concerned,
of the 35 marks observed, 34 are adequate according to chapter three,
article eighth of RDC / ANVISA 18/1013, only mark B is inadequate
because it violates item II of this article, since presents more than 15
grams of carbohydrate per serving, that is, the supplement in question
has less than 50% of the total energetic value of proteins and 37.5%
more carbohydrate than protein per serving. This reality is also
included as a misleading advertisement, thus violating section IV,
article six, chapter three of Law 8.078 / 90 (Brazilian Code of
Protection and Consumer Protection).
One point that is important
to note is the change in the concentration of carbohydrates and
proteins among brands, sometimes changes found in brands produced in the
same country, for example, in the study were observed brands that have
5.2 grams of protein more than the concentration of carbohydrates per
serving, while brands that have 20.6 grams of protein more than the
carbohydrate concentration per serving were observed.
On the
other hand, when the analysis goes further as was done by the national
institute of metrology, quality and technology (INMETRO), which analyzed
laboratorially 15 whey protein marketed in Brazil, using the methods of
kjeldahl, total protein content and methodology of Lane -Eynon, the
results are catastrophic, since among the 15 brands observed, only 1 had
100% of conformities, because quantitatively speaking, 2 brands had a
reduction of more than 25% of the amount of protein informed on the
label and 11 brands had a quantity different from carbohydrates, among
them two specific brands had a number greater than 250% more
carbohydrates than the one declared on the label. As for quality, 11
brands contained undeclared substances on their labels, mainly caffeine,
and 1 contained wheat and soy protein.
After the analysis of
the 35 protein supplement labels, irregularities were observed, which
are irregularities that harm consumers who buy a product expecting an
improvement in yield and / or aesthetics, but sometimes end up failing
to obtain the expected results.
Ideally, companies should
perform better quality control and use their product labels to
truthfully inform the contents of the packaging and not just use them as
a marketing vehicle. And that the norms governing the sale and
consumption of supplements are more firm and specific as regards the
maximum and minimum limits of carbohydrate and protein contents offered.
It is also pointed out that it is essential to indicate the consumption
by a nutritionist, both for a case-by-case analysis of the consumption
of supplements, and for the correct choice of supplement and the
quantity required for each individual.
In Brazil the most sold
supplements are those based on protein, mainly whey protein. The
consumption of whey protein has positive points, and some negatives, the
biggest problems of the consumption of supplements occur when the
consumer does not have total clarification on the product that is
acquiring. Other problems found in protein-based supplements are the
non-delivery of the protein content reported on the label and the
replacement of whey protein by cheaper proteins.
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