With
CRISPR technology editing the DNA code of human embryo, can we hold our
breath for an absolute eradication of inherited disorders like
Thalassemia and similar conditions? The answer is still unclear as there
is no such publication about the claims on decoding the DNA with CRISP
editing technology. As per the MIT Technology Review, the
research team led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov at Oregon Health and Science
University has been successful in an effort to edit the genes of human
embryo using CRISPR editing technology for the first time.
Gene
editing has been a controversial practice, but still we had earlier seen
three such efforts involving human embryo editing in China.
You
can call it genetically modified human embryos or improved embryos sans
defective cells with mutations responsible for inherited diseases. Even
if DNA editing is controversial, it contributes to the elimination of
hereditary illnesses.
Advantages of CRISPR Editing Technology
The
genetic manipulation using the CRISPR editing technology in the human
embryos seems viable and an effective way to remove defects from the
genes, and combat thousands of diseases. The technology uses molecular
scissors to influence the performance of the gene sequencing. And as a
result, it can eliminate the undesirable components from it. Hence, it
paves the way for the replacement of new and improved DNA with the
faulty genes.
The claim also raises hopes for families with
concerns for the genetic diseases, as it is capable of preventing the
further spread of the deadly disorders like malaria in the body.
There
is another way for which the finding holds a true and promising
possibility for our future generation as well. By editing the gene
sequencing in the human embryos, we can expect the "human germline
editing". This means when the editing technology will instill embryos of
offspring with new mutated cells, the characteristics and features of
the edited DNAs will be carried through offspring after offspring. So,
the germline gets fixed permanently in each successive generation and
follows a hereditary pattern of a family.
With the new CRISPR
editing technology, we have no more editing errors known as "mosaicism"
as was the case with earlier Chinese experiments. And the desired
improvement technique is thought to be followed not only by some, but
all the cells in the embryo.
Contradictory Opinion about The Claims
Some
critics argue that we absolutely do not need such technology to detect
deformities in human embryos and correct them with CRISPR editing
technology. That's because the efficacy of the technology is deemed
unfit as it is unable to perform as expected if two copies of defective
genes are present in the embryos.
On the other hand, we already
have preimplantation diagnosis technology or OPD to detect disease
causing cells in the embryos. And by using this technique, the faulty
genes can be replaced through in vitro fertilization.
Disadvantages
The
techniques seem to violate the rule of natures as it advocates for the
creation of the designer babies. Rather than editing the disease causing
genes, the technique is more likely to foster the enhancement
techniques, meaning future parents would seek editing techniques to
remove imperfections in their children. And we fear that this approach
would lead to a genetic discrimination.
However, if the claims are
true, we can free ourselves from a range of diseases, including anemia,
Huntington's disease and other genetic diseases through gene
modifications. So, let's keep our fingers crossed for a true future
possibility.
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