General
surgery is a specialty, which focuses on different abdominal contents
like the bile ducts, the appendix, the gallbladder, the pancreas, liver,
colon, small bowel, stomach, and esophagus. Most times, it involves the
thyroid gland, but this mainly depends on the referral patterns.
General surgery also deals with different diseases that affect hernias,
peripheral vascular surgery, trauma, soft tissue, breast, as well as
skin. Procedures like colonoscopy and gastroscopy are also included
here.
The scope
Trauma surgery
In many
locations, the responsibility for trauma care usually falls under
general surgery. There are surgeons who obtain more training to offer
critical care. The general surgeons should be in a position to handle
all sorts of surgical emergencies. They are often called so as to handle
patients who are injured critically or those that are very ill. They
are required to perform different procedures so as to stabilize the
patients. They should be able to do thoracotomy, emergency laparotomy,
compartment fasciotomies, cricothyroidotomy, and thoracostomy so as to
staunch any bleeding. These are the people you will find in trauma or
surgical intensive care units.
This area also covers emergency
surgery like organ perforations, bowel obstructions, infections, and
bleeding. Gallbladder removal is one of the surgical procedures that are
very common all over the world. It has to be done electively. However,
the gallbladder is at risk of being inflamed acutely and may require one
to get an emergency operation. Other common emergencies include small
bowel obstructions, rupture of the appendix, and infections in the
appendix.
Laparoscopic surgery
This is a specialty
that is new. It mainly deals with techniques for access where cameras,
as well as small instruments, are inserted through small incisions. A
lot is evolving from the concept such as robotic surgery. Colons,
appendices, and gallbladders can actually be removed by application of
the technique. Hernias can be repaired using the method. It is possible
to perform bariatric surgery in this way and there are many benefits
that are associated with this. They include the reduction of
complications of surgical wounds, especially in the obese patients. It
is important that the general surgeons be well trained in the area and
proficient too.
Colorectal surgery
General surgery
also deals with lots of minor and major rectal and colon diseases. This
includes the inflammatory bowel diseases like Cohn's disease or
ulcerative colitis. Others are hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal bleeding,
treat cancer, colon cancer, and diverticulitis.
Breast surgery
General
surgery also handles lots of breast surgery that is non-cosmetic. This
includes mastectomy all the way to lumpectomy. This usually pertains to
the diagnosis, the evaluation and the treatment of cancer.
Vascular surgery
Vascular
surgery is also a specialty of general surgery. However, for this one
needs to have special training in the area. This area is usually handled
by specialists. Most of the times, the general surgeons can actually
handle the minor disorders.
There are many other areas covered by
general surgery. These areas include endocrine surgery, transplant
surgery, surgical oncologists, cardiothoracic surgery, pediatric
surgery, and so on. Minimally invasive surgery has become prevalent in
the present day. Robotic surgery has come with a lot of enthusiasm even
though it is very costly.
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