Diabetes is a health condition where the body had a problem with the hormone insulin.
Under normal circumstances, the pancreas (an organ behind the stomach)
give out insulin to help the body store and use sugar and fat from the
food we eat. Diabetes can develop when the pancreas produces little or
no insulin or when the body does not respond correctly to insulin.
Diabetes has no cure yet, for now individuals living with diabetes need
to manage their disease to stay or live healthy.
Diabetes can
occur in different types, but the three major types are: Type 1, Type 2
and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the insulin
producing cells of the pancreas(beta cells) are destroyed by the immune
system. People with this type of diabetes produce no insulin and must
use insulin injection to control their blood glucose and stay alive.
Type 1 diabetes most commonly starts in people Under the age of 20, but
may occur at any age.
Type 2 diabetes is different from type1,
because individual with type2 diabetes produces insulin. But the insulin
their pancreas secretes is either not enough or the body doesn't
recognize it and use it efficiently. When there is no insulin in the
blood or the insulin is not in action, glucose can't be moved to the
body cells for work. It occurs in overweight and obese people above 40
years.
Gestational diabetes occur in pregnancy. Changes in
hormone during pregnancy can cause changes in insulin ability to work
properly. This type of condition occurs in almost 4% of all pregnancies.
Gestational diabetes risks occurs in pregnant women who are over 25
years and overweight before pregnancy.
Prediabetes can happen
when your blood sugar is higher than normal but is not enough to be
called diabetes, people with prediabetes has a high risk of developing
Type 2 diabetes.
Hence, diabetes can be caused by several
factors like, family history, if your family member or grand parents had
cases of diabetes, you are probably going to develop such in the
future. Being overweight or obese is another risk factor of developing
diabetes, if your body mass index(BMI) is 25.0-29.9kg/m^2(overweight) or
30kg/m^2 and above(obese).
Your lifestyle is another major cause of
developing diabetes, if you live a life of no physical activity or
exercise for a long time, you are likely to develop this type of health
problem. Drinking too much alcohol is also a contributor to this
problem.
Furthermore, symptoms of type 1 diabetes may include
the following: increased thirst, increased hunger, dry mouth, frequent
urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, labored or
heavy breathing, loss of consciousness. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may
include: slow healing or cuts, itching of the skin, yeast infection,
recent weight gain, numbness or tingling of the hands and feet,
impotence or erectile dysfunction.
According to the American
Diabetes Association(ADA), this health condition is the seventh leading
cause of death in the U.S. It's complications include:
*Dental and gum disease,
*Eye problem and sight loss,
*Foot problems, numbness, ulcer, injuries and cuts,
*Heart disease,
*Nerve damage,
*Stroke,
*Kidney disease.
Finally, diabetes can be managed by the following ways:
* Keeping the blood glucose low by balancing diet with medication and exercise.
* Keeping your blood cholesterol and triglyceride(lipids) low, this can
be achieved by consuming diet low in fat (30%) or less and by reducing
saturated fat and cholesterol.
* Controlling/keeping your blood pressure between 130/80.
* Avoid the development of diabetes related issues.
* Eat balanced diet.
* Exercise regularly.
* Taking medications correctly.
* Monitor your blood sugar level at home regularly.
* Always go for check ups.
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