There
is a disc like cushion between each of the multiple vertebrae that make
up our spine. These discs can rupture which allows the substance within
them to leak out. Such a scenario is known as a herniated disc or
slipped disc.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a
herniated disc include weakness, tingling, pain as well as numbness in
an arm or leg due to the damage to the nerves that are responsible for
those areas. The most common area to have pain is in the lower part of
your body because most herniated discs occur in the lumbar spine which
can pinch the sciatic nerve which runs along the side of your legs as
well as buttocks although it is also possible to have a herniated disc
in the cervical spine (the neck).
However there are some people
who don't experience any symptoms from their herniated disk other than
local pain. It is even possible to have a herniated disc without knowing
it at all.
Diagnosis
Your doctor can diagnose a herniated disc through physical exams, imaging tests and nerve tests as well.
In the physical exam, your back will be checked for points of
soreness. Your doctor may also have you lie down and make different
movements with your legs which will help determine the cause of your
pain. You may also undergo various tests aimed at identifying your
reactions:
• Sensitivity to stimuli
• Reflexes
• Muscle strength
• Ability to perform specific movements
Generally, the
physical exam is comprehensive enough to arrive at a diagnosis. However
if your doctor needs to see which of the nerves are affected, one or
more of the following tests may be conducted
• Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI). Used to create and display images of the internal
structures of your body. It is used to pinpoint the location of the
herniated disk as well as to see which nerves are affected.
• X-rays or CT scans - This would be used to ensure that there are
no other causes of your back pain such as a fracture, spinal alignment
issue or even a tumour.
• Myelogram - An interesting test which involves dye being injected
into the spinal fluid. X-rays are then taken to display the pressure on
the regions of your spine or nerves due to the herniated disk or discs.
• Nerve tests used to study how well the electrical impulses are
being conducted along the nerves. This is used to locate where the nerve
damage has taken place
Treatment
Treatment
options for a herniated disc are fairly straightforward and involve a
lot of rest coupled with medication intended to ease pain as well as
electric stimulation, heat or ice and multiple other methods to help
recovery. In some severe cases the patient will need to be admitted for
surgery if the pain doesn't reduce at all and there is a considerable
loss of function.
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